工程地球物理学报

为解决龙王沟煤矿61603工作面内地质异常体探测难题，突破常规三维地震在厚黄土覆盖、采空塌陷及砾石层散射等极复杂地表条件下识别精度不足的限制，本研究采用全数字高密度三维地震与瞬变电磁法相结合的综合勘探方法。通过将观测系统横纵比由0.28提升至0.85，覆盖次数由20次提高至63次，并配合数字检波器高保真信号接收，有效克服了波场畸变，实现了地质异常的高清成像；进而利用瞬变电磁法对三维地震圈定的YC7异常区进行富水性评价。研究查明YC7异常区并非原先认定的陷落柱或破碎带，而是受挠曲带及裂隙系统控制的富水构造带。电阻率断面显示在马家沟组存在明显低阻响应，指示其为主要含水层位。后期定向钻孔、及探放水钻孔验证结果与综合解释结论吻合，为工作面安全回采提供了可靠依据。实践表明：全数字高密度三维地震技术在极复杂地区具有优越的异常识别能力，结合瞬变电磁法的富水敏感性，可有效实现构造形态与富水性的精准探测本技术路线，为类似地质条件下的富水异常区探测提供了可靠借鉴。

To address the challenges in detecting geological anomalies within the 61603-working face of Longwanggou Coal Mine and to overcome the precision limitations of conventional 3D seismic exploration under extremely complex surface conditions characterized by thick loess cover， mining-induced subsidence， and scattering from gravel layers. An integrated exploration approach combining fully digital high-density 3D seismic exploration with the Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) was adopted. By optimizing the observation system parameters-increasing the aspect ratio from 0.28 to 0.85 and the fold coverage from 20 to 63-and utilizing digital geophones for high-fidelity signal acquisition， wavefield distortion was effectively mitigated， achieving high-definition imaging of geological anomalies. Subsequently， TEM was employed to evaluate the water-bearing potential of the YC7 anomaly zone delineated by the 3D seismic survey. The investigation ascertained that the YC7 anomaly is neither a subsidence column nor a fractured zone as previously identified， but a water-rich structural belt controlled by a flexural zone and a fracture system， extending approximately 300 m with a fold amplitude of 8 m. Resistivity cross-sections revealed a significant low-resistivity response in the Majiagou Formation， indicating it as the primary water-bearing horizon. Subsequent verification via the directional borehole QX1-1 and water drainage boreholes confirmed the accuracy of the integrated interpretation， providing a reliable basis for the safe extraction of the working face. The study demonstrates that fully digital high-density 3D seismic technology possesses superior anomaly identification capabilities in extremely complex regions. When combined with the high sensitivity of TEM to water， it enables precise synergistic detection of structural morphology and water-bearing properties， offering a valuable reference for the detection of water-rich anomalies under similar geological conditions.