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针对厚覆盖区低电阻率环境对电磁信号的屏蔽效应及大深度(>3 000 m)压裂监测的技术难题，本研究创新性地采用广域电磁技术，通过数值模拟与现场验证相结合的方法，系统地评估了该技术在干热岩储层改造监测中的适用性。基于厚覆盖区地质资料建立地质模型，采用积分方程法模拟分析表明：在压裂深度近5 000 m、压裂段厚度100 m条件下，当收发距15 km、电流150 A、发射极距3 000 m、接收极距100 m时，可获得信号强度>100μV、异常幅值>10%的显著响应；特别地，压裂液导致目标层电阻率从1 000Ω·m降至10Ω·m时，异常幅值达±25%。现场实测数据显示，压裂改造区电阻率异常幅值最高达30%,有效地圈定了压裂液波及范围。本研究证实了广域电磁技术在厚覆盖区、大深度压裂监测中的可行性，为实际工程应用提供了理论依据与技术支撑。
Abstract：To address the technical challenges posed by the shielding effect of low-resistivity environments in thick overburden areas on electromagnetic signals and the monitoring of deep hydraulic fracturing(>3 000 m), this study innovatively employs the wide-field electromagnetic(WFEM) method. This method combined numerical simulations with field validation to systematically evaluate its applicability in monitoring hot dry rock reservoir stimulation. Based on geological data from Jiangsu Province, a formation model was established. Simulations using integral equation demonstrated that under fracturing conditions at nearly 5 000 m depth with a interval thickness of 100 m, optimal monitoring parameters(transmitter-receiver distance: 15 km, current: 150 A, transmitter length: 3 000 m, receiver spacing: 100 m) achieved a signal intensity exceeding 100 μV and anomaly amplitude greater than 10%. Notably, when fracturing fluids reduced the target layer resistivity from 1 000 Ω·m to 10 Ω·m, the anomaly amplitude reached ±25%. Field measurements revealed that the maximum value of resistivity anomalies reached 30%, effectively delineating the distribution of fracturing fluid. This study confirms that the feasibility of WFEM for hydraulic fracturing monitoring in thick overburden areas at great depths, providing both theoretical foundations and technical support for practical engineering applications.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:P314;P631.325
引用信息:
[1]高士银,王军成,李琳,等.基于广域电磁技术的厚覆盖区干热岩大深度压裂监测可行性研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2025,22(06):675-683.
基金信息:
2021年度江苏省省级地质勘查项目(编号:苏自然资发[2020]157号)